Educational test appliance



June 27; 1933. I Q E DUTTQN 1,915,653

EDUCATIONAL TEST APPLIANCE Filed Dec. 27, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 95General Science 1. WhlCh is hem/lav Whole milk oY( )shimmecl mik,

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Patented June 27, 1933 meme s. memos, oe em 2 Arm-r OFFICE D, OHIOWUCA'IIORAL TEST APPLIANCE Application filed Hecembes 27,. 13%: SerialNo. 416,381.

My invention reletes to an educational met applience especially adaptedfor correcting.

answers fillet have been made by tire p11 ii to the questions of a,test, such appliance sing Valuable in grading pupils tesjg sheetsresulting from on examination. in illiklng the Less the pupil marks upona relatively smell sheet identifying symbols originally appear ingthereon, selectively, which correspondlo certein identifying symbolswhich are solecenis cerbein alternate answers on a set oi: es.-imineibion or met questions. lhe reseller then sueerposes she said smellsheets bearing il'ie sess o'f marked answers oi the pu pils tektesi; endpieces 'illlllefl bllij treesslseea upon ssid marked answers,

apertures in she sheet idemiiying clearly like correct marked answer,but lalielinied mete me showing the other symbols es of e differ so:"redo. llie teacher can merls "the resell; oi cll'B @npils answers,opersiing device ijlliflugli cer'lein sperl'zures in islie r ios'i;siieegericl check the to'lei on the M epermired sheet EMU .LQVEIFLlJlQfifurther relsiies to suitable 'es have lzeen found especially to theirpurpose when comprising ien'l end relsi vely smell printed form slieei,preferably oi weight paper, beer- "the top margin identifying (lists asto perfsiculer pupil, desired, his room as space for entering ill-enumber e seenow to be Insole, oiiier speces ceiving ihe totals zlie orwrong; ere, the sol; score lllfiliCEliGl else resulfr, of this Damien reast. The lower oer-lion of the forms 1 Loser she primed, sysnltolswhich the as his eels-c live answers; the timed slices may loo scelluloid stencil of uniform size wilth ssid form sheet losving suiiebleperforeiions progoerly positioned to show she eecurelae marked .enswersand larger epersures registering? we the said spaces to permit markingthereillllmigll with pencil; end the said stencil being of a muchsmaller sizetlien the ques iion sheet, if the latter is used, but of a,size identical with the pu ils form sheet and adapted to be sugportewith the latter upon a rigid holder is e. latter having a, thin butrigid support plate and a side and end flange for receiving thesuperposed form sheets oi all the pupils of a, class of ordinary size,end having seize and outline well adapting it to holding the samereadily in the hand, so .1555 that it can be'resclily carried by theteacher in one hand while lie marks the forms with the other.

ll; is e. s' eciel object of my invention we provide Silltilblfl datesheets, that may be iermedform sheets, that will beer littlesignificance to she casual observer, but", which, becsnse of sherestriction thereof so iden'v'siiying date end lo identifying symbolsonly, m because they sear no detailed informstion eiclier as question oranswers, provide in very small space-ell the information she leecherwill need for each pupil in single test, lie condensed clisrecler isdecidedly sdvsiitsgeous.

is as further object of my invention close, whatever meens forpi'esenfing the lest sees "ions is employed, no marks or clieclis erever on she original set of reletively m QEBSfiODS, either by the pupilor die teacher, so that she same question slieels, "he lsx'zfser ereused, may be employed s new nor of fiimes, or even by difierent schools;end s. related edvsniegeresults from such sues *sion sheets bearing noindication of she marking of she smaller form slieeis lay the teacher,"and further, the results of s 238513 may quickly lmownl: otl1 theindividual pupils score and the class score. added object of mymechanism resides all) the foot first the severe/l pupils form sheets,so readily assembled in my rig-id holder, show as once which questionsare missed by meny end those answered correctly by many, so first shework of the teacher as well es shes of the pupil can be messured,

Together wish oslier evident advantages, ii; is oi especial value fliesshe form sheets cerried es indicated above in the holder in which theyhave been scored, make a; package smell enough to be carried in a mansside pocket or a womans hand bag, and that, since no desk is required,the work can be done at odd moments when the teacher is m either sittingor standing. I

till

. epertures will normally registe wit That the invention may he morefully understood, reference is had to the accompanying drawings forminga. part of this a plication and illustrating certain prefer-reembodiments of the invention, in Which Figure 1. is a. perspective viewof the flanged holder supporting the form sheets together with thetinted stencil, and shown grasped by the hand; v

Figure 2 is a. fragmentary plan view of c. question sheet bearing thequestions end parts of questions of a given test, together Withalternative answers having edyucent symbols for each;

Figure 3 illustrates a plurality of superposed form sheets having theanswers identified by numerals, hut unmarked lFigure at is a fragmentaryplan view of e form or answer sheet as it is losing merited by thepupil;

Figure 5 is e fragmentary plan view of e correction plate or stencil,tinted end suitsloly perforated for use with u psrticuler set ofsymbols;

Figure 6 is e plan view of s stencil in posi tion on s stack of formsheets, end supported on the holder While the teacher is marking npupiPs number of wrong answers on the sheet through on aperture in thestenoil, the accurately merited symbols showing through apertures, andother symbols shown ing dimly or of a different shade through the tintedstencil;

Figure Y is e. transverse section of the stock end holder taken in theplane indicated by the line 7-? of Fig. 6;

Figure 8 is a plan view of u tor-in or sheet, eiter heinf; marked by theteacher;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary plan vi W oi o stencil sheet or card of opaquemateriel, Whose curate answer symhols oi s. et

Figure 10 is c fragmentary plan view o stencil sheet or cord, Whoseapertures normally register with the Wrong syrnlools of on cnswer sheet;

l igure ll is e. fragmentary plan view of n stencil 'for right ensrversshown piece on the holder;

Figure 12 is e. ireginentsry plan view of u, stencil for Wrong answersshown place on the holder, I

Figure 13 is a fragmentary plain view s celluloid stencil showingudjecent t .e hand margin, n roughened surface receiving total scorernerlrs loy the teacher.

It has long been e. common practice to con duct tests of pupils of onentire class hy exhibiting to them it series of questions or parts ofquestions having edjocent such questions useries of answers, someaccurate and others inaccurate, from which the pupil selects those hebelieves to he eccurste, hy marking a cross on the test sheet, if esheet is used. This manner has the disadventegeof r Firm '1 .9 t wmerited. the nun loer or r which for a class requires a. large mass ofmanuscript.

A further disadvantage arose from former appliances including the largequestion sheets for receiving the pupils answer marks, in that a teacherhaving the marked test papers of a number of pupils before him forcareful study of the general progress of the entire class, required theuse of a. desk for supporting the manuscript, and the carefulconsideration of the inarlred question sheets and notations made on someother sheet or book, to compare the several. scores. l have overcomethese dificulties by providing relativel very small cards or form sheets10, prefers ly on light weight paper, which bear the data. for

identifying the pupil, the date of the test, and

the number of the test, it it is desired; and below such date no portionof: the questions or enswers,hut only the symbols (which may he numbersor letters), hy the selection of which the pupil s answer to thequestion is indicated.

ln ltig. it, the form sheet l0 losers the ten numernls ll adjacent thehend edge, such numerals representing ten questions given in the test,end the horizontal rows 12 oil nuniersls l3 representing clterneteensvvers on the set of questions suhrnitted having identical numerals.The pupil will with his pencil s cross on the nurnhe s in these rows,while the questions with their sccornnimying ensv/ers and numbers areezthi to him, on it relatively large scsle, es hy c sheet, the rmrlrodnurnhers l lheing shown Fig. l oil the drcwings. The letter Tend F drows 15 indicate synihols rep when o t one possible is to he t or Wren.nr 0: b r n r l .r w -n i E'El'lSW ULS nitric y no pupaelLl wile, testthe no merited on the sheet the teacher. t

- is resulting score he merited st l? by the teacher. 5

16 end l? are only ones niece hy the teacher or his sssistsnt. are modeby the pupils.

The term sheets 10 l to use,

since they hear very little dots other than identiiiying symbols suchsingle numerals or letters, he

18 of c. size thst may he readily held'in the hcnd of the teccher, asshown in Fig. l of .ll or convenience in time as s nuhling the termsheets to in such it stack, 1 here provided n shollow holder 2t),preterehly or metel, comprising e. fdst hottonn plate 21 with nurrowverticel flanges 2% secured one side and one end to ssid plate whichletter will hsve the size identical with the form sheets Ill) which itis desired to use.

Such a holder so may he made to hold the marked form sheets ill of allthe pu ils of en ordinary-cless,'whereby this Staci will the Words trueor isles uw represent to the-teacher the result of the test that hasbeen given his class, and enables the teacher to critically considersuch results by means of this holder, Whether the teacher is sitting orstanding. This advantage of assembling the dataof so many pupils in onesmall stack 18, arises from thefact that the questions together withtheiranswers written out or otherwise shown in printed characters areoriginally exhibited on larger and separate sheets or other surfaces, ina much larger area, as in the general arangement indicated on theprinted sheet 23 shown in Fig. 2, on which symbols 24 represent thealter nate answers, and only such symbols being shown on the-relativelysmall form sheet 10. It is to be understood at this point, that thesymbols 11, 13 and 14, asthcy appear in Fig. 4 of the drawings, areintended toidentify the various answers or parts of answers having thecorresponding symbols 24 assooiated therewith on Fig. 2 of the drawin s.The use of'my appliances therefore, permits a single question sheet 23for each pupil, to exhibit the questions, answers and symbols to anentire class of pupils, or at least to a large number of pupils.Although this is true, the symbols only, may readily be shown upon therelatively small form sheets 10, without unduly crowding all of thesymbols thereon as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 8 and 11.

The form sheets 10, after being marked by the pupil as shown in Fig. 4,can, by using my appliances, be stacked in superposed relation, as shownin Figs. 1, 3, 7, 8, 11 and 12,

after which aflexible, thin stencil 28 of the exact size of the holder20 may be applied to the upper of the stacked forms 10, which willresult in the apertures 29 registering with the symbols which correspondto the correct answers on the question sheet 23 or other disclosure thatmay be used as its equivalent. The said stencil 28 has, in its upperportion larger openings 30 and 31 through which a pencil may mark thenumber of right and wrong answers made by the pupil, respectively, uponthe uppermost form 10. Another larger aperture 32 will also permitmarking through the'stencil the resulting score upon the sheet 10 in thesame manner.

In Fig. 4 of the drawings, the pencil 33 is seen marking the selectedsymbols 13 directly upon the form sheet 10, prior to the use of thestencil 28 for later determining the accuracy of the pupil in markingthe-symbols on such sheet, while in Fig. 6 is seen the pencil 34 used bythe teacher or his assistant, marking the blanks 16 and 17 through theapertures 30, 31 and 32.

It is a special and novel discovery that I have made, as one of thefeatures of my invention, that it is highly advantageous to use astencil of flexible and transparent material that will permit showing ofsymbols 35, which do not correspond to correct answers, on the pupilsform sheet 10, and through the imperforate portions of the stencil 28,because of the transparent char-' acter of such material, at the sametime that the correct symbols appear clearl through the apertures 29,though it will e evident that such symbols 35 will appear to theobserver somewhat difierent, from the correct symbols that appearthrough the apertures 29 of the stencil. This feature results in thehighly valuable efi'ect of enabling the teacher to observe all of thesymbols through i the stencil at one time, though the correctly markedsymbols will appear somewhat clearer than the wrongl marked ones.

It is also a urther purpose that I have found highly advantageous inusing my stencil in the use of my appliances, which consists inproviding on certain upper surfaces or portions thereof, an area of suchcharacter that may'reccive pencil marks thereon, as for the purpose ofindicating thereon check marks toindicate the number of right and ofwrong answers, that the total number of pupils examined at one time, asthe total pupils of a class, may have made for a sin 1e question. Thisplan is clearly feasible or the reason that each separate, marked sheet10 may be placed, after checking, at the bottom of the stack immediatelyabove the late 21, after which theseveral sheets 10 Wlll be marked bythe teacher on such checking surfa-ce,as shown at 36 in Fig. 1, or at 37in Fig. 13. These limited surfaces may be made to appear upon various ofthe flexible and transparent stencils that are to be employed in the useof my appliances. It is specified that the stencils 28, shown in Figs.1, 2. 5, 6. 7 and 13 are ordinarily provided of thin material, and thatit will usually be desirably flexible. Further, the

corner farthest from the flanges 22 of the form when mounted thereon,will be severed obliquely, as shown at 39, to make ready separationtherefrom of form sheets 10 underneath. A number of materials have beenconsidered and may be used for these stencils 28. among which thecompound cellulose.

though not positively tinted by a special dye, I

serve to give a somewhat different appearance to symbols on the formsheet 10 which show through the imperforate portions of the stencil fromthose that show through the perforations of the stencil, as will beevident.

I have found it highly desirable, however,

to manufacture these only very slightly translucent stencils 28 of someof the cellulose or similar compounds, and at the same time dyeing thematerial with a suitable dye substance to provide a final stencil of atinted material. A number of shades for this purpose are available,among which are pink, amber or red by the use of which the symbols onthe sheets 10 appearing through the stencil mafor a large group ofpupils, asof a class.

This surface 41 is shown in Fig. 1 as having been subjected. to anabrasive treatment, a light grinding operation, or to a scouring orsanding action upon the surface itself; while this surface ll is shownat 37 as having a narrow strip or tape of difi'erent material which isadaptable to receive the check marks 38. lln the use of such surfacesnear a marginal edge of the stencil 28, a provision is made for checkingresults the teacher has attained by observation of the several formsheets 10 while the latter are covered by the stencils which permitobservation of the marked symbols as well as those unmarked,

in such relation. 7

lt hasalso been desirable to give certain questions and their relatedanswers, in checking, greater'weight in finally arriving at the scorefor each pupil and for a given test; I have therefore, provided for thispurpose, another roughened or scarified surface 40 nearer the margin ofthe stencil opposite from the surface 41, this opposite surface 40 willbe relatively narrow, and may receive thereon the desired numeral toindicate the coefiicient representing the relative value of the severalquestions. This is possible and especially advantageous because the formsheets 10 have so relatively small area.

A suitable label 42 may be readily attached though removably, to thegiven stencil 28 to indicate the test for which the given stencil isprovided. It is to be understood that the perforations 30, 31, and 32are the only ones that will be used for penciling therethrough upon thesheets 10 underneath. The other perforations will only be used forobservation while the form sheets and stencil are stacked in the holder20 and usually car- ;ried in the hand, as in Fig. 1.

'While the specific surfaces 36 and 37 are well shown in Figs. 1 and 13,it is not to be con sidered as limited to the application there I shown,but that either of such showings ma represent accurately the applicationof suc treated surfaces on either of the stencils 28 shown in Figs. 5, 6and 7 as well. In Figs.

-9 and 10 I have illustrated another adaptation of stencil generic totheform thus far described. These stencils 43 are manufactured frommaterial that may be a paper product, but they will, in any case, havethe perforations for the use intended. In stencil 43a shown in Fig. 9,the perforations 44 will register with the symbols of the form sheet 10which indicate the correct answers to the given questions, while instencil 135 shown in Fig. 10, the perforations will register with thesymbols of the "form sheet 10 which indicate the incorrect answers tosuch questions. Either stencil may be used and separately.

In Fig. 11 of the drawings, 1 have shown an incomplete stack of markedform sheets '10 with the stencil 43a superposed thereon.

Fig. 12 also. shows an incomplete stack of marked form sheets 10 appliedin the holder 20 and with the stencil 43b thereupon. This stencil 436may be made to show through its perforations the unmarked as well as theincorrectly marked symbols, as will be evident. These stencils may beused in-connection with the stack of sheets 10 and the holder 20, butwill not, of course, show all the symbols therethrough by the use of asingle given stencil. 1

The results made by a pupil who has marked a form sheet, may be observedand the score checked by using the stencils 28 or 43, and comparisonsmade both between pupils and'between teachers conducting a given test.

0pemtion.ln using my appliances, it is desirable to present a set oftest questions with alternative answers and accompanying symbols to thepupil in any suitable form, as by showing to each pupil by a relativelylarge test sheet such .matter, it being only desirable that the smallerform sheets 10, a copy of which is given each pupil and which bears thecorresponding symbols only, shall be relatively small in size so thatthey may be readily stacked in the holder 20 which the teacher can holdin his hand, the size of the showing of questions, answers and symbolsbeing desirably as large as convenient for observation by the pupil, andthe question sheets never being marked on by anyone. lily im proveddevices may be made especially useful by the marking of the selectedsymbols on the several form sheets by the pupil, thereafter stacking theseveral sheets 10 in the the number of right answers and wrong answers,and the number of unmarked answers is noted, while at the same time dueweight is given to the coefficient that may be indicated on the surface40. All the checking by the pupils taking the test is done on the formsheets 10, and the question sheets are used, over and over forsubsequent tests.

While description of means of presenting the questions to the pupils isexplained by reference to the use of a relatively large sheet, such as23, any means practicable for so ex hibiting these questions withassociated answers and symbols is to be taken as within the purview ofthis specification. It is also to be understood that the recited tintedtransparent stencils 28, may be of any color,

the three colors-amber, pink and red being only suggestive. j j

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to procureby Letters Patent, is- I 1. A flexible stencil member, of thintransparent tinted material having spaced apertures arranged in relativeposition therein corresponding to the symbols in an educational testsheet underneath said member,

whereby' to identify the correct answers of a test, certain otherapertures being adapted to permit insertion of a pencil therethrough tomarked desired data on said sheet, and said member also having a narrowscarified surface strip adjacent one edge thereof for receiving indiciaexpressing certain relation of data appearing in said'apcrtures.

2. A flexible apertured stencil member of transparent tinted materialwhose apertures are arranged in suitable relative position in thestencil to correspond to certain of a plu- 40 rality of symbolsappearing on an educa- .in suitable relative position in the stencil tocorrespond to certain of a plurality of s In- 'bolsv on said sheet, theother of said sym ols showing dimly through the imperforate material,whereby the symbolson the test sheet appearing through the apertures mayindicate answers of different character from those member having aroughened surface portion for receiving summarized totals of saidanswers.

4. The combination of a form sheet bearing identifying symbols, and a'stencil mem ber of apertured transparent and tinted mashowing throughthe tinted material, and said terial through which said identifying sym-I bolsappear and whose apertures correspond in'relative position tocertain of the identifying symbols on said form sheet, and the remainlngsymbols appearthrough the imperforate portion of the stencil of tintedmaterial but appear of different shade from those seen through theapertures.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day ofDecember,

CHARLES F. BUTTON.

